Class:LM01
REVIEW QUESTION CHAPTER II
11.Q: What control flow statements were added to Fortran IV to get Fortran 77?
A:logical loop statements and IF with an optional ELSE
12.Q: Which version of Fortran was the first to have any sort of dynamic variables?
A:fortran 90
13.Q: Which version of Fortran was the first to have character string handling?
A:fortran 77
14.Q:Why were linguists interested in artificial intelligence in the late 1950s?
A: Linguists were concerned with natural language processing.
15.Q: Where was LISP developed ? By whom?
A:it was developed at MIT by john McCarthy
PROBLEM SET CHAPTER II
11.Q: Was IBM’s assumption, on which it based its decision to develop PL/I, correct, given the history of computers and language developments since 1964?
A:The assumption is correct,because on 70s, PL/I used worldwide for bussiness and science application althought have many failure past years and after years.
12.Q: Describe, in your own words, the concept of orthogonality in programming language design.
A: concept of orthogonality in programming languange to create a new program that teaches the language to be independent of other capabilities and can be combined with a variety of programming language features so that each combination has a meaning and can be used as widely as possible.
13.Q:What is the primary reason why PL/I became more widely used than ALGOL 68?
A:PL/I achieved far greater acceptance than ALGOL 68, due largely to IBM’s promotional efforts and the problems of understanding and implementing ALGO 68.Implementation was a difficult problem for both, but PL/I had the resources of IBM to apply to building a compiler. ALGOL 68 enjoyed no such benefactor.
14.Q:What are the arguments both for and against the idea of a typeless language?
A:In a typeless language, a variable can contain any kind of value (numeric, string, boolean), so it’s more flexible. In the other side it is more prone to make mistakes for the programmer and may resulted ambiguity.
15.Q: Are there any logic programming languages other than Prolog?
A:FORTRAN, LISP and ALGO 60
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